EVOLUTION AND SELF-ORGANIZATION OF KARSTS HYDROGEOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF SALT DEPOSITS OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION

Abstract

It has been established that hydrogeological systems in the conditions of the technologically altered geological environment of the salt deposits of the Carpathian region (Stebnytskyi, Kalush-Holinskyi, Solotvynskyi) behave as typical dissipative systems capable of evolution and self-organization. The evolution of karst hydrogeological systems consists in their genesis associated with the beginning of inflows of karst waters into mining productions, the successive growth of their aggressiveness and flow, the activation of karst collapse phenomena, undercutting of walls in mines and sides in quarries, self-isolation of exits of easily soluble minerals and suppression of man-made activated karst, up to complete cessation when salt-snow deposits are completely flooded. Selforganization of karst hydrogeological systems occurs through a cyclic change of four stages: 1) leaching of easily soluble minerals in an aggressive environment; 2) release of poorly soluble and insoluble components; 3) inhibition of leaching due to temporary blocking of easily soluble minerals by a protective layer of the released insoluble residue of terrigenous and poorly soluble minerals; 4) erosion-corrosion disintegration of the protective layer with a cyclical transition to stage 1. The established regularities of the evolution and self-organization of karst hydrogeological systems make it possible to predict the state of mining massifs disturbed by mining operations and salt karst, as well as to propose scientifically based solutions geoecological problems.