TYPIFICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE HISTORICAL BUILDINGS OF LVIV – THE BASIS FOR FORECASTING THE STABILITY OF ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS

Abstract

The engineering and geological conditions were characterized, the engineering and geo-logical typification of the central part of the city of Lviv (Ukraine) w as carried out. The central part of the city of Lviv is an open-air museum of architecture, which is included in the list of UNESCO world heritage sites. However, more than 70% of the buildings and structures of historical value located here are characterized by varying degrees of damage, and some of them have been completely destroyed. The geological environment is the basis of the foundations of architectural monuments. Changes in the state and properties of the geological environment over time under the influence of natural and technogenic factors lead to the deformation of buildings, and often their complete destruction. In the sphere of influence of historical and architectural monuments, there is a complex of soils that is varied in terms of lithological composition and properties, which contains technogenic deposits (cultural layer), deposits of the Quaternary system, Neogene and Upper Cretaceous. The soil massif, which is the subsoil of the foundations, consists of rocks of high, medium and low bearing capacity. High bearing capacity is characterized by marls, marly clays, Neogene, Quaternary deluvial and alluvial sands. Alluvial loams and deluvial sandy loams have an average bearing capacity. “Weak” alluvial-swamp peaty soils, peats and man-made accumulations are classified as low-bearing capacity. The classification features in the engineering-geological typification of the center of Lviv are the relief, the structure of the geological section, the strength of technogenic and peaty soils, the lithological composition of rocks, hydrogeological conditions, and modern morphodynamic processes. The studied territory in the structure of the geological environment of the city of Lviv is considered as an engineering-geological district of the Poltva Basin. Within its boundaries, two subdistricts are distinguished: the bottom of the basin and the slopes. According to the structure of the geological section, within each subdistrict, sections of two, three, four, five, and multilayer structures are distinguished.